This walk of 3 miles links some of Deptford’s green spaces. The notes give information on each including how they came about and what was there previously.

ROUTE: Elverson Road DLR Station – Brookmill Park – Deptford Bridge – Deptford Church Street – Reginald Road - Creekside – Ferranti & Sue Godfrey Parks - St Paul’s Churchyard - Deptford High Street – Albury Street – McMillan Street – St Nicholas Churchyard – Charlotte Turner & Twinkle Parks – Watergate Street – Edward Street - Clyde Street – Evelyn Green – Arklow Road - Amersham Grove/Vale – Royal Naval Place Allotments - Margaret McMillan Park – Watson Street - Douglas Way – The Albany

INTRODUCTION
Deptford had two centres of settlement - the riverfront and area around the church and at Deptford Bridge. These were linked by Church Street (now dual carriageway) and Butt Lane (now the High Street). The naval dockyard was established by Henry VIII in 1513 and brought people and prosperity to the town. In 1698 the population was 10-12,000 - only Norwich and Bristol were larger towns. Although the dockyard and associated industries provided much employment farming and market gardening was also important with ready access to London markets. Even when the London to Greenwich railway was opened in 1836 much of its 4 mile route was across market gardens and meadow land. After the dockyard closed in 1869 (to become a foreign cattle market) the character of the area changed. Heavy and unpleasant industries began to dominate leading to a largely poor population living in deprived conditions. A number of philanthropic initiatives were set up to help local people. Deptford suffered badly in WWII bombing. By 1944 almost everything had been damaged and 648 people killed. Deptford became part of the Borough of Lewisham in 1965 and the schemes which replaced old and damaged houses did the area no favours! In more recent times a number of rebuilding and regeneration projects have been undertaken.

BROOKMILL PARK The River Ravensbourne was used as a source of water by Deptford Waterworks, founded in 1701 as part of the Ravensbourne Water Company, which become Kent Waterworks in 1809. By the 1840s the company had a small reservoir surrounded by grass and trees on the site of the current Brookmill Park, adjacent to which a small recreation ground existed from 1880. The river ceased to be used for water supply in 1862 and by 1900 the reservoir was also disused, no longer adequate for the growing population. In the 1920s the recreation ground was expanded when part of the reservoir was infilled. Some evidence of this remains, much reduced in size, as the small oval lake in the park (pictured left).

The northern area of the park, known as Broadway Fields, was used for market gardening. This became Deptford Municipal Playing Fields in 1932 and an extension across the Ravensbourne River was added in the late 1930s. When housing in Brookmill Road was destroyed by bombing in WWII, the park was further extended and re-opened in September 1951, renamed Ravensbourne Park. Ornamental gates with this name were installed in 1953 in commemoration of Queen Elizabeth's Coronation. When Deptford became part of Lewisham in 1965, the park reverted to the original name of Brookmill Park to avoid confusion with Ravensbourne Park Gardens in Ladywell. In the 1990s the construction of the Docklands Light Railway extension required the course of the Ravensbourne to be moved as the new railway was partly following the concrete-sided channel of the river. This resulted in the majority of the park to the east of the river being given over to the DLR. The Ravensbourne was re-routed into a new, 'natural' channel running along the eastern boundary of the park, offering new habitats for wildlife including kingfishers. The lake was drained when the re-routing was carried out but has been restored as a result of local campaigning. It is fenced and its central island was removed in order to discourage Canada Geese.

The former Thames Water gardens were added to the park and re-landscaped to create a formal garden (pictured left) with pond, pergolas, ornamental beds and hedges and re-opened in July 1998. The park also has a play area, nature reserve and ranger’s office. There are a number of mature trees including some fine Planes around the lake, as well as many conifers and various areas of shrubbery. In the south native shrubs have been planted on a former railway embankment. This carried a branch line that ran from Nunhead to Greenwich Park Station (site of Hotel Ibis) which closed after WW1.

REGINALD ROAD
On 16 June 1944 a flying bomb exploded in Reginald Square killing 22 people and causing widespread damage to its Victorian houses. The area between Reginald Road and Frankham Street was subsequently cleared apart from the school which received minor damage. Demolished buildings included a mission hall. The green area behind wire fences is used by Tidemill School.

FERRANTI PARK A 0.5 million project funded by Lewisham Council and the LDA has transformed a disused road salt depot into a new park, officially opened in June 2004. The name of the award winning park was chosen by a local resident in a competition. In 1889 the world’s first electric power station to generate at high tension (up to 10,000 volts) was built at Deptford by Sebastian De Ferranti who went on to establish the principle of the national grid. The buildings were finally demolished in 1992 and the site is now occupied by Fairview Housing.

ST PAUL’S CHURCHYARD
St Paul's was built as one of the ‘50 New Churches’ following a petition by the vestry of St Nicholas for a second church at Deptford, accepted in 1711. The Commission required a burial ground for the new church to have stone walls and iron gates to keep grave robbers out. The site chosen was land originally owned by Henry Wise, the Royal Gardener, who had sold it in 1710 to his brother Richard, a master caulker in Deptford Dockyard, who then sold the land to the Commission for 640. At that time the land was used as a market garden by Samuel Preistman who was compensated 80 for loss of fruit trees, asparagus plants and dung. Five houses along the Church Street boundary were also demolished. The Baroque style church was designed by Thomas Archer in 1713 and consecrated in 1730. An estate map of 1744 recorded the area to the east of the church as the 'best burial ground'. In the churchyard is the grave of Mydiddee, a Tahitian who came to England with Captain Bligh on HMS Providence and who died in Deptford on 4 September 1793. By the time the 1852 London Burial Acts were passed St Paul's churchyard was crowded, presenting a health risk and it closed for burials in October 1854. Although it temporarily re-opened in June 1856 due to delays in establishing a new cemetery it was finally closed in 1858. Some tree planting was carried out in the 1890s and in 1910 an Act of Parliament enabled former burial grounds to be converted into public gardens. The headstones were moved to the perimeter and walks laid out with trees planted alongside. The southern boundary has planes and limes, and there are older planes along the north boundary. The whole site is walled with railings and gates at the western entrance. Features include a drinking fountain in the south-east corner, bedding and shrubberies and serpentine paths. Fine monuments include several table-tombs and an obelisk to the Stone family of 1807. The former charnel house east of the church is now a store. There are open spaces outside the walls to the east and south. The church entrance forecourt was re-landscaped by Alan and Sylvia Blanc as part of improvements works to the High Street in June 1973. The Rectory designed by Thomas Archer on Crossfield Street had been demolished c1885 after it had been sold to the Improved Industrial Dwellings Company in 1882. The tenements and cottages built on the site were later destroyed during WWII and the land is now additional public open space. Demolition of houses and a Unitarian chapel also cleared an open space to east of the churchyard. The gravelled area behind the church has good ferns, including a colony of wall-rue on the south side of the church by the Crypt, rare in London. Between Crossfield Street and the churchyard is Crossfield Open Space, once formally landscaped until it became a wasteland following road building across it in 1998. www.paulsdeptford.org.uk

THE MCMILLAN NURSERY
The McMillan sisters Margaret and Rachel, born to a Scottish family, did much for the health and education of Deptford people. They established night camps, the girls’ at 353 Evelyn Street and the boys’ at 24 Albury Street providing washing facilities and clean clothes. The boys also slept outdoors among the graves of St Nicholas Churchyard! The sisters believed that early years' education could counter some of the effects of poverty and established a nursery school which remains. The Herb Garden opposite was set up in the 1990s and is open weekends. [website]

In the 1860s three streets and a rope walk ran north to south between Old King Street (now Watergate Street) and Deptford Green. By 1894 there was a school north of Benbow Street and the burial ground had become Hughes Fields Recreation Ground. Armada Street (once New Street) was cleared for LCC tenements by 1900. A Zeppelin raid in 1915 hit the area and a VI fell during WWII. The present linear park has been re-landscaped to the designs of David Ireland and links with Twinkle Park. There is a sundial which requires a human gnomon. Charlotte Turner JP was a member of Greenwich Borough Council and other public bodies. She served as Mayor of Greenwich for 1931-3, the first woman to hold the post.

TWINKLE PARK
A map of 1868 shows two pubs at the northern end of Watergate Street (then Old King Street). By the 1930s only one pub and a couple of houses remained on the corner plot which had included a recreation ground since at least 1914. This was supervised by Mrs Twinkle. It became derelict and neglected until in 1992 local residents from Rowley House working with Greenwich Mural Workshop began a campaign to restore the park. Other groups became involved including council architects in charge of expanding the nearby school. The space now serves the community and the school with wildlife areas, a pond, floodlit ball game area, play boat and gazebo. Several large Plane trees have been retained. The park was formally opened in 1999.

EVELYN GREEN
This provides a green corridor and play space between housing and the railway. Before WWII Childers Street (once James Street & Henry Street) and roads to the north had terraced houses. John Evelyn, the other diarist, lived at nearby Sayes Court where he laid out a fine garden (trashed by Peter the Great!).

New Deptford Green across the railway was was cleared in the 1970s except for the institute and two houses and subsequently used to build the houses of Trim Street and Kerry Road. The Coffee House and Institute had been used mainly by men working in Stone’s Engineering Works opposite. In the 1920s it was purchased and renamed Lady Florence House but was bricked up when this Fund left Deptford in the 1970s. Stones moved to Arklow Road in 1881 and by 1950 the works covered six acres. The business relocated in 1966 and the factory closed in 1969.

ROYAL NAVAL PLACE ALLOTMENTS
In the 19^th century Amersham Vale and the streets around it had mainly two storey terraced houses, often with two families or lodgers. In the 1890s Charles Booth employed people who went around the streets of London with local constables surveying and categorising properties. Their notebooks enabled Booth to complete his ‘Poverty Maps’ with streets coloured according to the condition of inhabitants, ranging from wealthy yellow to semi-criminal black. The streets in this area were rated a mid purple or a higher pink. In Amersham Grove a double fronted house was occupied by an old sailor who built a small museum in the garden and stocked it with curios. This building still exists and is undergoing restoration. In Napier Street, which ran parallel to Amersham Grove, Booth’s researcher recorded four boys playing cricket in the street who ran away on seeing the policeman! Houses here were subsequently cleared and areas either side of Royal Naval Place provide allotments. There are 28 plots with a 3 year waiting list.

MARGARET McMILLAN PARK
Margaret McMillan Park opened in 1954 and was originally laid out between Watson's Street and Glenville Grove with a series of lawns along Douglas Way where properties had been bombed. The engineering works of Clarke, Burnett & Co, employing 100 men, had been sited on the east side of Glenville Grove. In the late 1980s part of park was eroded by housing development. Improvements made in 1998 included a new playground and a sculptural feature in the form of a stone bridge created by John Maine and members of the local community.

THE ALBANY
The Albany Institute was founded in the 1890s and operated from premises in Creek Road. It was gutted by fire in July 1978 and demolished in 1981 to be replaced by a new building in Douglas Way. The Albany is now a multi-use performing and digital arts venue working with diverse local community groups including young people, the disabled and families. It offers a theatre, cabaret & studio space and community rooms. The cafe which opens out into a garden with raised beds and seating is open to all. www.thealbany.org.uk

Resources
Turning the Tide – the History of Everyday Deptford by Jess Steele
London Parks & Gardens Trust – Inventories for Lewisham & Greenwich
Lewisham Local Studies & Archives at Lewisham Library, 199-202 High Street SE13 [more info]
Old photographs can be accessed on www.portcities.org.uk/london/ Search 'Deptford'
Booth’s maps and notebooks are available online http://booth.lse.ac.uk
A complete set of Bomb Maps (showing where bombs fell and the extent of damage) are availbale at the LMA [more info]

london-footprints.co.uk 2010